Linux är ett gemenskapsutvecklat operativsystem med öppen källkod med kärnan i kärnan, tillsammans med andra verktyg, applikationer och tjänster.
Som alla andra operativsystem som Windows eller MAC, hanterar det hårdvaruresurserna i ett system som CPU, RAM och lagring. Kärnan gränssnitt till operativsystemet och den underliggande hårdvaran och underlättar kommunikationen mellan de två.
Vad är en kommando rad?
Exempel på hur en terminal kan se ut i Linux
En kommandorad är ett gränssnitt som låter dig skriva och köra Linux-kommandon som instruerar operativsystemet om vilka åtgärder som ska utföras. Ett kommandoradsgränssnitt tillhandahålls av en terminal eller terminalemulator som GNOME Terminal, Konsole och XTERM.
Att arbeta på kommandoraden är det idealiska sättet att administrera ett Linux-system, särskilt när man arbetar med en huvudlös server eller ett minimalt system (Ett Linux-system som inte tillhandahåller ett GUI).
Kärnan i varje Linux-system är kärnan. Kärnan är det som skiljer Linux från andra operativsystem. Det är den centrala komponenten i operativsystemet och fungerar som en brygga mellan applikationerna på användarnivå och de underliggande hårdvarukomponenterna.
Det möjliggör kommunikation mellan programvaran och den underliggande fysiska hårdvaran. Kärnan hanterar alla pågående processer, minne, filer och så vidare. I ett nötskal tar kärnan hand om följande:
-Minneshantering – Kärnan håller reda på minnesanvändningen av olika applikationer på systemet.
-Enhetshantering – Den hanterar också olika enheter som är anslutna till systemet, såsom in- och utenheter.
-Process Management – Kärnan hanterar pågående processer för att undvika konflikter och dödlägen och även för att systemet ska fungera optimalt.
-Systemsamtal och säkerhet – Kärnan tar emot och hanterar förfrågningar om service från processerna.
-Som nämnts tidigare sitter kärnan mitt i användarprocesserna och den underliggande hårdvaran som omfattar RAM, CPU, I/O-enheter, lagring, grafik och nätverk.
Bortsett från kärnan innehåller operativsystemet Linux andra viktiga komponenter som GNU-verktyg, systemverktyg, installerade applikationer och många andra. Alla dessa tillsammans utgör ett fungerande operativsystem.
Vad är en Linux-skrivbordsmiljö? En skrivbordsmiljö är en samling komponenter som tillhandahåller ett grafiskt användargränssnitt (GUI) som tillåter användare att sömlöst interagera med operativsystemet. Den består av grafiska element som ikoner, menyer, fönster, aktivitetsfält, bakgrundsbilder, widgets och paneler för att nämna några. En skrivbordsmiljö tillhandahålls som standard i moderna grafiska Linux-distributioner som Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, Rocky och AlmaLinux. Det förbättrade användarinteraktionen och gör det möjligt för användare att enkelt hantera systemet i motsats till kommandoradsgränssnittet som kräver en hög kompetensuppsättning att använda. Exempel på populära skrivbordsmiljöer inkluderar GNOME, Cinnamon, KDE Plasma, MATE, Deepin, XFCE, LXDE och LXQt.
Vad är en ”distribution?” och lista över Linux-distros
Ofta förkortat som ”distro” är en Linux-distribution en version av Linux-operativsystemet som är baserat på Linux-kärnan. Den levereras med andra komponenter som systemverktyg och tjänster, applikationer och ytterligare program som LibreOffice, GIMP och webbläsaren Firefox.
Populära gratis Linux-distributioner inkluderar Ubuntu från Canonical, Debian från Debian Project, Fedora från Fedora Project, OpenSUSE från SUSE och Rocky och AlmaLinux som båda är 100% binära kompatibla med Red Hat.
Kommersiella distributioner inkluderar Oracle Linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) och SUSE Enterprise Server (SLES).
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Linux är ett gemenskapsutvecklat operativsystem med öppen källkod med kärnan i kärnan, tillsammans med andra verktyg, applikationer och tjänster. Som alla andra operativsystem som Windows eller MAC, hanterar det hårdvaruresurserna i ett system som CPU, RAM och lagring. Kärnan gränssnitt till operativsystemet och den underliggande hårdvaran och underlättar kommunikationen mellan de två. Vad är en…
